HOW TO USE CALCIUM FERTILIZERS TO TOMATOES

A deficiency of calcium in your garden’s soil can cause the growing tips on your tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) to become pale and die. It also may cause blossom-end rot, in which sunken dark-brown or black spots appear on the lower ends of tomato fruits. The latter problem is most common early in the growing season, when tomato plants put out lots of new growth, and the problem may correct itself later. The best practice, however, is to try to prevent it altogether by ensuring that your plants receive all the calcium they need.

Adding Calcium Early

Tomatoes perform best when their soil has a pH level of 6.5 to 7.2. If your soil's pH level is lower than that range, which means it is more acidic, then add garden lime, also known as calcium carbonate, to your vegetable bed's soil in fall. You can use dolomite lime instead if your soil also needs more magnesium. The amount required to raise the pH to 6.5 varies from about 3 pounds per square yard for soil with a pH of 4.5 to 1 pound per square yard for soil with a pH of 6. Dig or till the lime into the top 1 foot of soil. If you forget to add the lime in fall, then add it in early spring, at least two months before you plant your tomatoes in the garden.

Adding Calcium Late

If you didn’t add lime in fall or early spring, then do so just before you plant the tomatoes, though the lime won't be as effective as it would have been if given more time to incorporate into the soil. Use 3/4 cup of lime per plant, and work it into the top 8 inches to 1 foot of soil. If your ground is extremely acidic and hasn’t been limed for several years, then an option is to increase that amount to up to 2 cups per plant. Tomato plants grown in containers need 1/4 cup of dolomite lime for every 10 quarts of potting soil.

Understanding Calcium Deficiency

A calcium deficiency in your tomatoes isn’t necessarily caused by a calcium deficiency in their soil. Different kinds of stress, such as too little or too much water, root damage and an excessive level of nitrogen, can prevent the plants from absorbing calcium properly. Also, when plants grow rapidly early in the season, they tend to channel most of the available calcium into their foliage rather than their fruits.

Improving Calcium Uptake

Calcium absorption problems can be prevented by mulching the soil around the tomato plants when it is damp, using straw, plastic or newspapers to keep the soil moisture level consistent. The plants need at least 1 1/2 inches of water per week during the period when they are most vulnerable to calcium deficiency, which is from the time they begin to set fruits until the time those fruits are at least one-half their mature size. Also, be careful not to disturb the tomato plants’ roots, and give them no more than a one-time application of 1/2 cup of 8-8-8 chemical granular fertilizer or 1 cup of 5-5-5 organic granular fertilizer per plant. Mix that fertilizer with the top 8 inches of soil -- along with the lime -- just before you put the plants in the ground.

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