Nitrogen fertilizer rates are determined by the crop to be grown, yield goal and quantity of nitrogen that might be provided by the soil. Rates needed to achieve different yields with different crops vary by region, and such decisions are usually based on local recommendations and experience.
Factors
that Determine the Quantity of Nitrogen
Supplied by the Soil
- The quantity of nitrogen released from the soil organic matter
- The quantity of nitrogen released by decomposition of residues of the previous crop
- Any nitrogen supplied by previous applications of organic waste
- Any nitrogen carried over from previous fertilizer applications.
Such contributions can be determined by taking nitrogen credits (expressed in lb/acre) for these variables. For example, corn following alfalfa usually requires less additional nitrogen than corn following corn, and less nitrogen fertilizer is needed to reach a given yield goal when manure is applied. As with rates, credits are usually based on local conditions.
Soil testing is being suggested more often as an alternative to taking nitrogen credits. Testing soils for nitrogen has been a useful practice in the drier regions of the Great Plains for many years.
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