PRODUCTION OF PHOSPHATE FERTILIZER AND METHODS

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Rock phosphate is the raw material used in the manufacture of most commercial phosphate fertilizers on the market. In the past, ground rock phosphate itself has been used as a source of P for acid soils. However, due to low availability of P in this native material, high transportation costs, and small crop responses, very little rock phosphate is currently used in agriculture.

Figure 1. The process used in the manufacture of various phosphate fertilizers.

The manufacture of most commercial phosphate fertilizers begins with the production of phosphoric acid. A generalized diagram showing the various steps used in the manufacture of various phosphate fertilizers is provided in Figure 1. Phosphoric acid is produced by either a dry or wet process. In the dry process, rock phosphate is treated in an electric furnace. This treatment produces a very pure and more expensive phosphoric acid (frequently called white or furnace acid) used primarily in the food and chemical industry. Fertilizers that use white phosphoric acid as the P source are generally more expensive because of the costly treatment process.

The wet process involves treatment of the rock phosphate with acid producing phosphoric acid (also called green or black acid) and gypsum which is removed as a by-product. The impurities which give the acid its color have not been a problem in the production of dry fertilizers. Either treatment process (wet or dry) produces orthophosphoric acid— the phosphate form that is taken up by plants.

The phosphoric acid produced by either the wet or the dry process is frequently heated, driving off water and producing a superphosphoric acid. The phosphate concentration in superphosphoric acid usually varies from 72 to 76%. The P in this acid is present as both orthophosphate and polyphosphate. Polyphosphates consist of a series of orthophosphates that have been chemically joined together. Upon contact with soils, polyphosphates revert back to orthophosphates.

Ammonia can be added to the superphosphoric acid to create liquid or dry materials containing both nitrogen (N) and P. The liquid, 10-34-0, is the most common product. The 10-34-0 can be mixed with finely ground potash (0-0-62), water, and urea-ammonium nitrate solution (28-0-0) to form 7-21-7 and related grades. The P in these products is present in both the orthophosphate and polyphosphate form.

When ammonia is added to the phosphoric acid that has not been heated, monoammonium phosphate (11-52-0) or diammonium phosphate (18-46-0) is produced depending on the ratio of the mixture. The P present in these two fertilizers is present in the orthophosphate form.

The cost of converting rock phosphate to the individual phosphate fertilizers varies with the process used. More importantly, the processes used have no effect on the availability of P to plants.

PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER PRODUCTION is not very complicated. For the production, there is need usable and tried a formulation, raw materials and mixing tank. For raw materials to be used, quantities to be used and ingredients usage rankings, you should look into this formulation. Therefore, formulation and productıon methods of PHOSPHATE FERTILIZER are important. If you have not a good formulation, you cannot make healthy and efficient production of any fertilizer.

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This encyclopedia has many formulas about NPK fertilizers,NP fertilizers,liquid poliar fertilizers, powder fertilizers, granulas fertilizers, calcium and potasium fertilizers, special fertilizers, dripping fertilizers,foliar fertilizers, edta chelated fertilizers, micronutrients fertilizers,macronutrients fertilizers,chelated fertilizers etc.

All chemical fertilizers in the encyclopedia are producible easily.You need no help and no technıcal support. The encyclopedia is enough to produce chemical fertilizers itself.

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