FORMULATIONS OF SOAP - DETERGENT ENCYCLOPEDİA

Soaps are sodium or potassium fatty acids salts, produced from the hydrolysis of fats in a chemical reaction called saponification. Each soap molecule has a long hydrocarbon chain, sometimes called its 'tail', with a carboxylate 'head'. In water, the sodium or potassium ions float free, leaving a negatively-charged head.

Soap is an excellent cleanser because of its ability to act as an emulsifying agent. An emulsifier is capable of dispersing one liquid into another immiscible liquid. This means that while oil (which attracts dirt) doesn't naturally mix with water, soap can suspend oil/dirt in such a way that it can be removed.

The organic part of a natural soap is a negatively-charged, polar molecule. Its hydrophilic (water-loving) carboxylate group (-CO₂) interacts with water molecules via ion-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding. The hydrophobic (water-fearing) part of a soap molecule, its long, nonpolar hydrocarbon chain, does not interact with water molecules. The hydrocarbon chains are attracted to each other by dispersion forces and cluster together, forming structures called micelles. In these micelles, the carboxylate groups form a negatively-charged spherical surface, with the hydrocarbon chains inside the sphere. Because they are negatively charged, soap micelles repel each other and remain dispersed in water.

Grease and oil are nonpolar and insoluble in water. When soap and soiling oils are mixed, the nonpolar hydrocarbon portion of the micelles break up the nonpolar oil molecules. A different type of micelle then forms, with nonpolar soiling molecules in the center. Thus, grease and oil and the 'dirt' attached to them are caught inside the micelle and can be rinsed away.

Although soaps are excellent cleansers, they do have disadvantages. As salts of weak acids, they are converted by mineral acids into free fatty acids:

CH₃(CH₂)₁₆CO₂^-Na⁺ + HCl → CH₃(CH₂)₁₆CO₂H + Na⁺ + Cl^-

These fatty acids are less soluble than the sodium or potassium salts and form a precipitate or soap scum. Because of this, soaps are ineffective in acidic water. Also, soaps form insoluble salts in hard water, such as water containing magnesium, calcium, or iron.

2 CH₃(CH₂)₁₆CO₂^-Na⁺ + Mg²⁺ → [CH₃(CH₂)₁₆CO₂^-]₂Mg²⁺ + 2 Na⁺

The insoluble salts form bathtub rings, leave films that reduce hair luster, and gray/roughen textiles after repeated washings. Synthetic detergents, however, may be soluble in both acidic and alkaline solutions and don't form insoluble precipitates in hard water.

DETERGENT AND PRODUCTIONS

POWDER DETERGENT PRODUCTION is not very complicated. For the production, there is need usable and tried a formulation, raw materials and mixing tank. For raw materials to be used, quantities to be used and ingredients usage rankings, you should look into this formulation. Therefore, formulation and productıon methods of detergent are important. If you have not a good formulation, you cannot make healthy and efficient production of any detergent.

If you need any manufacturing formulations and production methods about

powder detergent,

DETERGENT

FORMULATIONS

ENCYCLOPEDİA

is enough.

This encyclopedia has many formulations of dishwasher cleaning products,dishwashing liquid production,kitchen cleaner products,laundry produts, powder laundry detergent,gel laundry detergents,liquid bleach products,powder bleach products formulations,surface cleaner products manufacturing process,multipurpose cleaner products,metal cleaners,bathroom cleaning products formulations,liquid soap formulations,antibacterial soaps,carpet shampoo,carpet cleaner detergent manufacturing processes, etc.

All detergent in the encyclopedia are producible easily.You need no help and no technıcal support. The encyclopedia is enough to produce liquid and powder detergent itself.

DETERGENT

FORMULATIONS

ENCYCLOPEDIA

is written clear and understandable.

RELATED TAGS: What is powder detergent, how to make powder detergent, making powder detergent, powder detergent manufacturing process, powder detergent production, formulations of powder detergent, types of powder detergent, anionic surfactant, detergent dyes, detergent fragranges, how to make powder detergent, preparation of powder detergent, cationic surfactant, anionic surfactants, detergents ingredients, how to use detergent ingredients, where to use surfactants, properties of powder detergent, machine of powder detergent, how to make powder detergent mixer, composition of powder detergent, production formulation of powder detergent, using powder detergent. compounds of powder detergent.

DETERGENT ENCYCLOPEDIAS AND CONTENTS