Introduction to synthetic detergents:

                Let us discuss the synthetic detergents. The synthetic detergents are purification agents which have all the properties of soaps, but which really do not contain any soap. These can be used both in soft and hard water as they give foam even in hard water. Some of the detergents give foam even in ice cold water. Next we will see the types of synthetic detergents.

Types of Synthetic Detergents

            The synthetic detergents are mostly classified into three types. The first type is anionic detergents. The second type is cationic detergents. The third type is non-ionic detergents.

            The anionic detergents are sodium salts of sulphonated lengthy chain alcohols or hydrocarbons. Alkyl hydrogensulphates created by treating lengthy chain alcohols with determined sulphuric acid are neutralized with alkali to shape anionic detergents. The same way of alkyl benzene sulphonates are obtained by neutralizing alkyl benezene sulphonic acids with alkali.

                                   

              The cationic detergents are the part of ammonium salts of amines through acetates, chlorides otherwise bromides as anions. Lengthy hydrocarbon chain in addition to a positive charge on nitrogen atom in posses of cationic detergents. These parts are known as the cationic detergents. The famous cationic detergent is cetyltrimethylammonium. That is used in the hair conditioners. The cationic detergents contain the germicidal properties and are expensive; these are used in limited only.

                               

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Other Types of Synthetic Detergents

             The non-ionic detergent is specified do not include some ion in their constitution. Single detergent is created when stearic acid reacts with polyethyleneglycol.          

           The non-ionic type detergent is declaring the liquid dishwashing detergents. The cleaning action method of this type of detergents is the same as that of soaps. The non-ionic is mainly used in the remove grease and oil by micelle structure.

          Main problem that appears in the use of detergents is that if their hydrocarbon chain is highly branched, then bacteria cannot degrade this easily. Slow degradation of detergents leads to their accumulation.

 

                          

 





DETERGENT FORMULATIONS ENCYCLOPEDIA
DETERGENT FORMULATIONS ENCYCLOPEDIA
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INDUSTRIAL DETERGENT FORMULATIONS ENCYCLOPEDIA
INDUSTRIAL DETERGENT FORMULATIONS ENCYCLOPEDIA
SOLVERCHEM
PDF | ENGLISH | 275 USD
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