There has been a need since ancient times for lubricating greases. The Egyptians used mutton fat and beef tallow to reduce axle friction in chariots as far back as 1400 BC. More complex lubricants were tried on ancient axle hubs by mixing fat and lime, but these crude lubricants were in no way equivalent to the lubricating greases of modern times. Good lubricating greases were not available until the development of petroleum-based oils in the late 1800’s. Today, there are many different types of lubricating greases, but the basic structure of these greases is similar. In general, grease consists of a thickening agent dispersed throughout lubricating oil.
The thickening agents or gellants include alkali metal soaps, clays, polymers, carbon black, colloidal silica and aluminum complexes. The lubricating oil may be petroleum oil or synthetic oil. The most common type of grease is the soapbased grease. The soap comes from animal or vegetable fats or fatty acids, wool grease, rosin or petroleum acids. The lubricating oil is commonly mineral oil from paraffi nic, naphthenic or aromatic hydrocarbons. Other components of these greases include unreacted fat, fatty acids and alkali, unsaponifi able matter (including glycerol and fatty alcohols), rosin or wool grease and water. Some of the other additives used in grease are oxidation inhibitors, rust and corrosion inhibitors, color stabilizers, metal passivators, water repellants and viscosity index improvers. In soap greases the metallic soap consists of a long-chain fatty acid neutralized by a metal such as aluminum, barium, calcium, lithium, magnesium, sodium or strontium. The fatty acids usually contain 16 to 18 carbon atoms. A common form of soap-based grease uses lithium 12-hydroxystearate as the thickener. To properly thicken the grease the soap must be in the form of fi bers of suitable size dispersed throughout the lubricating oil. The crystalline fi bers are usually in the size range of 1 - 100 micrometers with diameters 0.1 to 0.01 of their length. For good shear stability the fi ber should have a large ratio of length to diameter, and for good oil retention the fi ber should be as small as possible. Therefore, greases need a mixture of these two types of fi bers. Also, there must be a balance between the solvency of the fl uid and the solubility of the soap to get suitable thickening. Another type of thickener that is not soap-based is prepared from clays. The clay, such as bentonite or attapulgite, is reacted with a quaternary amine to change the clay from hydrophilic (waterloving) to hydrophobic (water-rejecting) and oleophilic (attracting oil). Effective thickening is achieved by combining the clay with a polar activator or dispersant, such as acetone, methanol or ethanol, with small amounts of water and by delaminating and reducing the platelets to a small size.
This process will increase the total surface area of the dispersed clay, which immobilizes a very high percentage of oil based on the weight of clay. This will thicken the grease. Other solid additives produce thickened grease by the nature of their fi ne dispersion throughout the fl uid and by their particleparticle interactions. Solid-additive greases extend the operating temperature range over soap greases. The solid-type greases do not have a melting point, and their upper temperature limit is that of the oil being used.
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF GREASE OIL is not very complicated. For the production, there is need usable and tried a formulation, ingredients ( additives, base oils,foam agent, pour point depressant, etc. ) and process tank. For ingredients to be used, quantities to be used and ingredients usage rankings, you should look into this formulation and manufacturing process. Therefore, formulation and productıon process of COMPLEX GREASE OIL are important. If you have not a good formulation, you cannot make healthy and efficient production of any lubricating oils.
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LUBRICATING OIL
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LUBRICATING OIL FORMULATION ENCYCLOPEDIA has many formulations of greases, complex grease, lithium grease production,sodium greases formula, formulation,multigrade engine oils manufacturing process,motor oils making, gear oil production, synthetic engine oils,semi synthetic motor oils,gasoline oils,diesel oils production process,composition of turbine oils,transmission oil manufacturing, production of cycle motor engine, tractor oils,mineral based motor engine production,heat transfer oils, slideway oils formulation, formulations, cutting oils formula,formulas grinding oils,mould oils manufacturing process and etc.
All lubricating oils in the encyclopedia are producible easily.You need no help and no technıcal support. The encyclopedia is enough to produce lubricating oils and engine oils itself.
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