Laboratory bench tests are traditionally used to evaluate oxidation life. For example, the turbine oil stability test (TOST-ASTM D943) bubbles oxygen through an oil sample in contact with water and metal catalysts at 95ºC. Because TOST time takes several thousand hours with better base oils and additives, the more aggressive rotating pressure vessel oxidation test (RPVOT) raises pressure to 90 psi at 150ºC. Both tests measure the length of an initial induction period involving only slow oxidation. This induction period typically precedes much more rapid oxidation as meas ured by increased oil acidity (TOST) or a drop in oxygen pressure (RPVOT).

Typical test lives in Table 4 indicate there is an approximate threefold increase with hydrocracked Group II base stocks compared to Group I for premium turbine grade and hydraulic mineral oils used in turbines, compressors, electric motors and generators, and a wide range of industrial applications.

Table 4. Oxidation Test Life with Solvent-refined Group I
and Hydrocracked Group II Oils

Automotive and diesel engine oils have much more complex requirements for providing wear resistance, ability to disperse wear and combustion products, and tolerance for water - in addition to oxidation resistance. For their life evaluation, candidate oils are put through accelerated tests in actual test engines. From these engine tests come standards such as the GF-3 automotive motor oil classification adopted by the American Petroleum Institute as service classification SL. These requirements have generally been met with oil formulations using at least in part Group II hydroprocessed base stocks and are used with suggested oil change intervals up to 7,500 miles. Even more demands are being set in GF-4 for the future new car market (rollout expected in third or fourth quarter of 2004). Corresponding requirements are being developed for a new PC-10 classification for higher performance diesel engine oils.

Table 5. Steps to Group II/III Base Oils

A growing number of lubricant suppliers in North America and Europe are taking another major step forward in marketing synthetic engine oils compounded with the more severely hydrocracked Group III base stocks with very high viscosity indexes (VHVI) above 120. Promoted as equivalent to PAO synthetic oils, VHVI oils will likely gain major inroads as automobile manufacturers strive for reduced maintenance and with some suggested oil change intervals up to 25,000 to 35,000 miles (one year maximum).

The typical service life increase to be expected with the hydrocracked oils in various applications is given in Table 6.

Table 6. Expected Oil Service Life

The difference in composition also leads to the

following advantages for hydrocracked products:

• Improved action of antioxidant additives
• Possible design and operation of machines at higher temperatures
• Less carbon and varnish deposits
• Improved low-temperature fluidity
• More efficient water and foam separation
• Faster biodegradation
• Low toxicity for use in some cosmetics and pharmaceuticals

 

MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF ENGINE OIL is not very complicated. For the production, there is need usable and tried a formulation, ingredients ( performance and another additives, base oils,foam agent, pour point depressant, etc. ) and process tank. For ingredients to be used, quantities to be used and ingredients usage rankings, you should look into this formulation and manufacturing process. Therefore, formulation and productıon process of MULTIGRADE, MONOGRADE,SYNTHETIC,SEMI SYNTHETIC MOTOR OIL are important. If you have not a good formulation, you cannot make healthy and  efficient production of any lubricating oils.
 

 

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