The soot index is a linear measurement that measures the extent to which the oil has become contaminated by fuel soot, an unwanted by-product of combustion. The units reported depend on the spectrometer manufacturer. The measurement really applies only to diesel engines because the soot measurement on gasoline engines is expected to be very low. In diesel engines, excessive amounts of soot can be generated by overfueling (air to fuel ratios), incorrect combustion temperatures, low operating revolutions, restricted intake and exhaust systems, and faulty turbochargers.
Dispersant additives are formulated in engine oils to hold soot in suspension. Unfortunately, there is a limit to how much soot a lubricant can carry. When the maximum amount is exceeded, sludge deposits start to form, which can harm the engine. The effects of severe sludging manifest themselves as increasing oil viscosity. These usually occur rapidly to the point where the oil can no longer be pumped and engine failure ensues.
When interpreting the severity of the soot index measurement, one should take into account the soot readings on previous samples from the engine as well as the magnitude of the change in the oil's viscosity. It should also be noted that high soot loading can negatively affect the accuracy of other infrared measurements.
any engine oil
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