Western flower thrips (WFT – Frankliniella occidentalis is an economically important insect pest for many vegetable, ornamental and flower crops, including, tomatoes, capsicums, beans, lettuce, eggplant, cucumbers, grapes, apples, plums, strawberries, chrysanthemums, gerberas, anthuriums, lisianthus, dahlias, roses and other crops. Injury to flower buds and growing points causes scarring, wilt and discoloration, presenting as distortion as the foliage, flowers and fruit grow and develop. Damage may cause halo-spotted dark marks on foliage, surrounded by white tissue. It also serves as a vector for tospoviruses such as Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV), a virus which causes economic losses in a broad range of potted ornamental crops, cut flower crops and vegetables.
While native to North America, WFT was first found in Australia in 1993 and has since spread to all production areas of Australia. It is widely recognised that WFT control is difficult due to its high reproductive rate, its tendency to inhabit protected areas of the plant (e.g. the growing tip and flower buds) and its resistance to many insecticides. Therefore, chemical treatments are not sustainable in the long term and should only be used when all other measures have taken. WFT are slender, sausage-shaped insects. Larvae are very small, ranging from 0.5-1 mm, opaque and wingless.
Pupae are largely immobile, non-feeding and are generally around 1 mm. Adults are pale yellow to dark brown, ranging between 1.5-2 mm, with males being slightly smaller and of a more slender build than females. Female WFT lay eggs into flowers and foliage and hatch in about 2-4 days at optimal temperatures of 25-30°C 1 . There are two larval instars which take about 8-10 days, depending upon the temperature and host plant. Late 2nd instar larvae either pupate on plants, generally in small crevices, or in the soil. The proportion of thrips that pupate in the soil or on plants is directly influenced by humidity; 80% RH or less causes thrips to drop from plants and pupate in the soil 2 . Furthermore, WFT pupae can not survive lower than 80% RH 2 .
Pupation behaviour is probably also influenced by availability of suitable pupation sites on plants which may act to buffer against low humidity environments, e.g. flower buds and growing tips may create a microclimate suitable for survival of pupae. Rates of soil pupation have sometimes been reported as being very high, e.g. about 50-90% on chrysanthemums 3 , roses 4 , beans 5 and cucumbers 6 . However, sometimes very low rates of pupation (i.e. <10%) have been reported on cut flowers 7 and lettuce 2 . If soil pupation rates are high, releasing soil predators could be beneficial, however, if low, the benefit may be limited.
HOW TO GET RID OF FLOWER THRIPS
It is difficult to fight with westren flower thrips.
But it is not impossible.
To prevent plants flowers from flower thrips, controlling and getting rid flower thrips. You can prepare own special organic liquid mixture for flower thrips yourself, both economically and so effective.
To prepare this special organic liquid mixture, You need some ingredients that you can find your country easily, formulation and production process. You need no help and no technıcal support to make this mixture. simple mixing is sufficient.
Below textbook has a formulation and manufacturing process of special organic liquid mixture and methods of application to treat flower thrips. You can produce special organic liquid mixture for western flower thripseasily and apply to plants safety.
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